Whereas law has enabled the creation of a market in patents as assets, the argument is that it has now become a financialized market object itself. As of December 31, 2020, more than 5.4 trillion was invested in assets tied to the performance of the index. With an emphasis on the processes of legal and financial abstractions, it identifies and discusses the modes and practices in which patents act and are transacted as assets that go beyond practices of commodification and monopoly rent-seeking: in patent portfolios, as real options and as instruments of financial hedging. The reason that level II is the most difficult is a function of both the material and the level of competition. In general, I did not find the material more complex but it did delve deeper into core concepts compared to Level I. This chapter takes a closer look into the ways in which patents are turned into assets by practices and specific knowledge techniques both in and outside of law. Cfa Level 2 Quicksheet Pdf Merge Level II of the CFA exam is considered the most difficult of the three. Whereas intellectual property rights are commonly presumed to be key assets in the so-called knowledge economy, the mechanisms by which they are transformed and performed as assets are less examined. This chapter describes and problematizes the specific turn to assetization that patents have taken, more specifically, the transfiguration of patents into speculative financial assets.
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